PASTURE STRUCTURE file: ABR-LAI.DAT in VEG1.EXE

This file contains a self explanatory tabulation of pasture physical properties including height, leaf and stem area index, leaf stem and dead material dry biomass, together with the relevant dates and site codes. Quantities are given as means, together with sample standard deviation, maximum, minimum and sample size.

Data were recorded at Fazenda Dimona during the first two missions (M1 and M2) where the grass species were Brachiaria decumbens and B. Humidicola (McWilliam et al 1993). All other data is from Fazenda Nossa Senhora (M3, M4 and M5) where the grass species was Brachiaria Brizantha. Grass was sampled for analysis using a 0.5m x 0.5m quadrat which was randomly placed within the area monitored for water vapour flux data. All vegetative material within the quadrat was removed and analyzed for leaf area and dry biomass within one or two days of removal.

N.B. The M4 leaf and stem area indices were estimated using calculations of specific leaf area obtained from the M3 data.

POROMETRY

These files contain leaf physiology data from the Ji-Parana and Manaus pasture (NS and FD) and Ji Parana forest (RJ), recorded during or close to the time of the Missions 2 - 5, (see also McWilliam et al. 1995). The file format is the same in all files and is as follows:

HEADER LINE Column headers.

DATE LINE

This line gives the date on which the data were recorded, followed by an integer giving the number of following data lines for that day.

DATA LINES

The data lines have twenty two 7-character data elements, space delineated in free format. With the exception of leaf water potential, which was measured using a Scholander pressure chamber, all data where recorded using an ADC Mk3 Infra-red Gas Analiser. Missing data appear as -99. The data columns are as follows:

Column 1

Vegetation type. The following codes are used to indicated the vegetation species on which the measurement was made.

Pasture

B.Decum	Pasture grass	Brachiaria Decumbens
B.Humid	Pasture grass	Brachiaria Humidicola
B.Briz	Pasture grass	Brachiaria Brizantha
Mela#1	Shrub	Sp. Melastoma #1
Mela#2	Shrub	Sp. Melastoma #2
Lacre	Shrub	Sp. Lacre
Palm	Palm	Sp. Palmae

Forest: eight trees (T1-8) and three species of lianas (L1-3) as follows (further details are given in McWilliam et al. 1995):

T1	Cedrella odorata (Meliaceae)
T2	Inga sp. (Leguminosae-Mimoseaceae)
T3	Protium polybotrium (Burseraceae)
T4	Leonia glycicarpa (Violaceae)
T5	Guarea cf. da visii (Meliaceae)
T6	Hirtella hispidula (Crysobalanaceae)
T7	Erythroxyllum cf. macrophyllum (Eryth.)
T8	Theobroma microcarpum (Sterculaceae)
T9	Maximiliana maripa (Palmae)
L1	Dioclea (Leguminaceae-Papilloniaceae)
L2	Derris pterocarpa (Legumin.-Papillon.)
L3	Strychnos amazonicus (Loganiaceae)

Column 2

Additional information relating to the sampled leaves, including 'SUN','SHADE','OLD' (leaves),'NEW' (leaves). '#' indicates no information.

Column 3

for Pasture Number of plots sampled

for Forest Number of leaves sampled.

Column 4

Decimal local time (hours).

Column 5

Height from the ground (m).

Column 6

Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in micro-mols m-2 s-1.

Column 7

Air temperature near the leaf (Ta) in degrees C.

Column 8

Leaf temperature (Tl) in degrees C.

Column 9

Stomatal conductance (gs) in millimols m-2 s-2.

Column 10

Net photosynthesis (pn) in micromols m-2 s-1.

Column 11

Concentration of intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) in micromols m-2 s-1.

Column 12

Leaf evaporation

Column 13-19

Standard deviations of the mean values appearing in columns 6 - 12.

Column 20

Decimal local time (hours)for the leaf water potential measurement that was closest in time to the current data line.

Column 21

Leaf water potential in MPa.

Column 22

Standard deviation of leaf water potential.

IN-CANOPY FOREST PROFILES

Files: in AB-VEG1.EXE

AB-VEG2.EXE

AB-VEG3.EXE

where

PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION (PAR)

The PAR files contains either 20 (RD) or 17 (RJ) 6-character columns in which the ten minute mean PAR is given as an integer in micro-mols m-2 s-1. THE FILES ARE SYSTEMATICALLY DISCONTINUOUS omitting the irrelavent zero (or near zero) night time period of 19.10 - 05.00. The column details are tabulated below. Data were recorded using leveled quantum radiation sensors, model SKP 215 (skye Instruments Ltd, Powys, UK). Sensors were typically 1.5m - 2.5m from the instruments tower and located as follows

TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY AND WIND SPEED(TDU)

Temperature and humidity deficit were measure using aspirated psychrometers (IH, Wallingford UK) and wind speed using type A100 anemometers (Vector instruments, Rhyl, UK). The data files contain ten minute averages in free format with 7-character columns as follows:

The six columns for each quantitiy are arranged in order of height with the highest instrument first. The instrument heights were 35m and then every 5m from 25m to 5m.

REFERENCES

McWilliam, A-L.C., Roberts, J.M., Cabral, O.M.R., Leitao, M.V.B.R., de Costa, A.C.L. Maitelli, G.T. and Zamparoni, C.A.G.P., 1993. Leaf area index and above-ground biomass of terra firme rain forest and adjacent clearings in Amazonia. Functional Ecol., 7: 310-317.

McWilliam, A-L.C., Cabral, O.M.R., Gomes, B.M., Esteves, J.L., Roberts, J.M., 1996. Forest and pasture leaf-gas exchange in south-west Amaz"nia. In 'Amazon Deforestation and Climate' (Eds. J.H.C.Gash, C.A.Nobre, J.M.Roberts and R.L.Victoria). John Wiley, Chichester, UK. pp 265-286.